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Following a full day of speakers expounding on specific pigweed-related topics, the recent PigPosium wrapped up with a more free-wheeling panel discussion. Among those on stage to answer audience questions: Arkansas farmers David Wildy and Adam Chappell along with Bob Scott and Jason Norsworthy, weed scientists with the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. Addressing how researchers approach programs that work for farmers, Scott said “it’s important to remember how we come up with recommendations.
Adam (Chappell, Woodruff County farmer who spoke on measures taken to alleviate pigweed pressure on his farm) mentioned starting (a spray program) on cotyledon cotton, and risking some injury, in order to have the time to get across so many acres.” When writing recommendations, “there are a lot of products we look at,” continued Scott. “And farmers point out more to me: Prefix early post and others. And some of those work and look pretty good. “But one thing I try to keep in mind is putting (a product) in the mix that will buy growers time to get across 500 or 1,000 acres; or, get across a few acres while you’re planting some other crop at the same time. “Just like the example of using residuals in LibertyLink soybeans.
I think it buys you up to 21 days as long as (the product) has some pigweed activity. It really frees up the post timing. “I hear guys say, ‘I just want to make two shots of Ignite.’ We’ve talked today about why that’s a potential resistance issue. But I think, just from a practical management standpoint, it frees up a lot of time if you can get that first shot activated and have time to come back with a post. The same is true with using Prefix or something like that in Roundup Ready beans.” How much did you spend per acre chopping in 2010? “We were probably in the $20 per acre range,” said Wildy, who farms with his sons in Manila, Ark.
“In years past, we were at $3 to $5.” “I’d say $15 to $20 per acre,” said Chappell, who farms in Woodruff County. “We had two guys walking our farm. It would take a couple of weeks to get over it and they did it two or three times.” How deep into the fall does a grower need to chop pigweeds? “Basically pigweed flowers in response to day length,” said Norsworthy. “At the first of October, I’ve seen a pigweed emerge. Generally, you need two to three weeks of growth on that pigweed before it starts to produce seed “If you go four or five weeks without walking a field there can actually be resistant seed — or seed from a pigweed that’s emerged late — being produced.” Clean ditch banks How do producers keep ditch banks clean in zero-tolerance fields?
Wildy: “We’ve gone in and mowed some and then used Gramoxone around the edges to try and keep them clean. (Some) fields have a turn-row all the way around where we could disk and keep them really clean. “As for other fields on our farm we let a lot of pigweed go to seed on ditch banks and roadsides, this fall. We’re going to have to figure out a way to (deal with those pigweeds). Roundup used to clean up a lot of ditches and we didn’t have to mow them. Now, we’ll have to do something else, incorporate something else. It will present us with a real challenge “I heard (my son) tell the guys running the hippers this fall not to hip as close to the banks.
We’re leaving a place where we can drive completely around the fields. We anticipate going around with a sprayer with Gramoxone, or something, to keep the borders cleaned up.” Where large pigweeds “are being chopped and carried out some are piling them on the turn-row” before pick-up,” said Norsworthy. “Pigweed seed readily float and if those plants have produced seed, they’ll shatter even though you’ve chopped them. Let’s be mindful of that. “Also, from a zero-tolerance standpoint, if chopped pigweed plants have seed and we leave them in the field, we haven’t accomplished much in reducing the soil seed bank.” What about carryover of Flexstar into the following year? “Biologically, milo is pretty sensitive,” said Scott. “I haven’t really seen a carryover to a lot of other crops.
“Having said that it’s off-label to use more than the allotted amount each year and we can’t recommend it. “But in terms of real carryover, if you’ve irrigated and gotten a normal amount of rainfall, I don’t anticipate a lot of carryover. I haven’t had a lot of calls on that yet.” Moldboard plow Has anyone tried a moldboard plow? “Yes, we’ve had research for the past couple of years,” said Norsworthy. “The idea is to (deal) with a small patch of pigweed — half an acre, 1 acre — before it spreads across the farm. (To do that, maybe) we can deeply bury the seed.
“We tried it on a silt loam in Marianna, Ark., and it works a lot better in soybeans than in cotton. In cotton, we see a 50 to 60 percent reduction just by going out in the fall with a moldboard plow. This is something you want to use only once, not annually. “The problem with a moldboard plow in cotton is when you run hippers back through to re-bed, we seem to be pulling back up a good amount of seed. “In soybeans, (a moldboard plow) works better. Then, we come back in with a field cultivator, lightly run over the field to level it and drop back in the following spring with drill seeding.
“There, we were seeing upwards of 90 to 95 percent reduction in pigweed emergence. When I say ‘90 to 95 percent’ that’s actually a combination of treatments. We’re actually working the moldboard plow, then we plant wheat — essentially double-cropping soybeans — or rye on top of the moldboard plow.
“Doing that appears to be very, very effective. But it isn’t foolproof. You’ll have to use some residual herbicides to carry it on out. But there are definitely some benefits.” What about burning the residue?
“I’ve gotten that question two or three times already today,” said Scott. “If you can burn that seed, great. But when it falls to the ground and it’s moist or wet, we don’t always get enough heat” to destroy the seeds’ viability. “We’ve been burning fields and stubble for years and still have barnyardgrass and other weeds.
By burning, you’ll get some of it — but not the seed on the wet ground. It just doesn’t get hot enough, in my opinion.” Norsworthy agreed with Scott. “Several weeks ago, we initiated some plot research at Keiser, Ark. We are looking at fall management programs. One of those is burning the stubble.
We’re in the process of quantifying what was actually removed. “One thing we’ve done is to try and windrow soybean stubble. We took the straw-chopper off the combine and successfully burned it. But, at this point, we’re not sure to what extent we reduced the seed going through the combine. “This is something they’ve done in Australia. There, they try windrowing it and burning it. They’re also catching the chaff as it comes through the combine.
“I’ve told that to people in Arkansas and they say ‘that’s crazy. No way will I ever do that.’ But in some of these fields we’re confronted with, you’d be surprised at what you’d do to try and reduce the amount of pigweed going into the soil seed bank.” I have wheat that I want to plant soybeans behind.
Do I burn the straw or no-till into it? If you burn that straw and have ash on the soil surface, you’ve essentially taken yourself out of using a residual herbicide without tillage,” said Norsworthy. “Because the ash is there, if you place a residual on it, it will tie up the herbicide “The other option is to try and control those weeds extremely early with post-emergence herbicides. But the options are very limited.”.
EAT, DRINK, BE LITERARY From left, Jessica Pigza, Maria Falgoust, Jeff Buckley and Sarah Murphy at a social event for librarians where the author Robert Sullivan, far right, spoke. Credit Michael Nagle for The New York Times ON a Sunday night last month at Daddy’s, a bar in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, more than a dozen people in their 20s and 30s gathered at a professional soiree, drinking frozen margaritas and nibbling store-bought cookies. With their thrift-store inspired clothes and abundant tattoos, they looked as if they could be filmmakers, Web designers, coffee shop purveyors or artists. When talk turned to a dance party the group had recently given at a nearby restaurant, their profession became clearer. “Did you try the special drinks?” Sarah Gentile, 29, asked Jennifer Yao, 31, referring to the colorfully named cocktails. “I got the Joy of Sex,” Ms.
“I thought for sure it was French Women Don’t Get Fat.”. That would be the Dewey Decimal System. The groups’ members were librarians. Or, in some cases, guybrarians. “He hates being called that,” said Sarah Murphy, one of the evening’s organizers and a founder of the Desk Set, a social group for librarians and library students. Murphy was speaking of Jeff Buckley, a reference librarian at a law firm, who had a tattoo of the logo from the Federal Depository Library Program peeking out of his black T-shirt sleeve.
Aren’t they supposed to be bespectacled women with a love of classic books and a perpetual annoyance with talkative patrons — the ultimate humorless shushers? Not any more. With so much of the job involving technology and with a focus now on finding and sharing information beyond just what is available in books, a new type of librarian is emerging — the kind that, according to the Web site Librarian Avengers, is “looking to put the ‘hep cat’ in cataloguing.” When the cult film “Party Girl” appeared in 1995, with Parker Posey as a night life impresario who finds happiness in the stacks, the idea that a librarian could be cool was a joke. A NEW SPIN An interest in social activism and music led Pete Welsch, a D.J., to library school.
Credit Michael Temchine for The New York Times Now, there is a public librarian who writes dispatches for McSweeney’s Internet Tendency, a favored magazine of the young literati. “Unshelved,” a comic about librarians — yes, there is a comic about librarians — features a hipster librarian character. And, in real life, there are an increasing number of librarians who are notable not just for their pink-streaked hair but also for their passion for pop culture, activism and technology. Advertisement “We’re not the typical librarians anymore,” said Rick Block, an adjunct professor at the Palmer School and at the Pratt Institute School of Information and Library Science, both graduate schools for librarians, in New York City. “When I was in library school in the early ’80s, the students weren’t as interesting,” Mr. Since then, however, library organizations have been trying to recruit a more diverse group of students and to mentor younger members of the profession.
“I think we’re getting more progressive and hipper,” said Carrie Ansell, a 28-year-old law librarian in Washington. In the last few years, articles have decried the graying of the profession, noting a large percentage of librarians that would soon be retiring and a seemingly insurmountable demand for replacements.
But worries about a mass exodus appear to have been unfounded. Michele Besant, the librarian at the School of Library and Information Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said the Association of Library and Information Science statistics show a steady increase in library information science enrollments over the last 10 years. Further, at hers and other schools there is a trend for students to be entering masters programs at a younger age. The myth prevails that librarians are becoming obsolete. “There’s Google, no one needs us,” Ms. Gentile said, mockingly, over a drink at Daddy’s. Still, these are high-tech times.
Why are people getting into this profession when libraries seem as retro as the granny glasses so many of the members of the Desk Set wear? “Because it’s cool,” said Ms. Gentile, who works at the Brooklyn Museum. Murphy, 29, thinks so, too. An actress who had long considered library school, Ms.
Murphy finally decided to sign up after meeting several librarians — in bars. Advertisement “People I, going in, would never have expected were from the library field,” she said.
“Smart, well-read, interesting, funny people, who seemed to be happy with their jobs.” Maria Falgoust, 31, is also a founder of Desk Set, which took its name from the 1957 Katharine Hepburn-Spencer Tracy romantic comedy. A student who works part time at the library at Saint Ann’s School, she was inspired to become a librarian by a friend, a public librarian who works with teenagers and goes to rock shows regularly. SOCIAL BOOKWORMS Maria Falgoust helped start Desk Set to meet like-minded librarians. Credit Chester Higgins Jr./The New York Times Since matriculating to Palmer, Ms. Falgoust has met plenty of other like-minded librarians at places such as Brooklyn Label, a restaurant, and at Punk Rope, an exercise class. “They’re everywhere you go,” she said.
Especially in Greenpoint, where Ms. Murphy and Ms. Falgoust live about 10 blocks from each other and where there are, Ms. Falgoust said, about 13 other librarians in the neighborhood.
How did such a nerdy profession become cool — aside from the fact that a certain amount of nerdiness is now cool? Many young librarians and library professors said that the work is no longer just about books but also about organizing and connecting people with information, including music and movies. And though many librarians say that they, like nurses or priests, are called to the profession, they also say the job is stable, intellectually stimulating and can have reasonable hours — perfect for creative types who want to pursue their passions outside of work and don’t want to finance their pursuits by waiting tables. (The median salary for librarians was about $51,000 in 2006, according to the American Library Association-Allied Professional Organization.) “I wanted to do something different, something maybe more meaningful,” said Carrie Klein, 36, who used to be a publicist for a record label and for bands such as Radiohead and the Foo Fighters, but is now starting a new job in the library at Entertainment Weekly.
Michelle Campbell, 26, a librarian in Washington, said that librarianship is a haven for left-wing social engagement, which is particularly appealing to the young librarians she knows. “Especially those of us who graduated around the same time as the Patriot Act,” Ms. Campbell said. “We see what happens when information is restricted.”. Advertisement Ms. Campbell added that she became a librarian because it “combined a geeky intellectualism” with information technology skills and social activism. Jessamyn West, 38, an editor of “Revolting Librarians Redux: Radical Librarians Speak Out” a book that promotes social responsibility in librarianship, and the librarian behind the Web site (its tagline is “putting the rarin’ back in librarian since 1999”) agreed that many new librarians are attracted to what they call the “Library 2.0” phenomenon.
“It’s become a techie profession,” she said. In a typical day, Ms. West might send instant and e-mail messages to patrons, many of who do their research online rather than in the library.
She might also check Twitter, MySpace and other social networking sites, post to her various blogs and keep current through MetaFilter and RSS feeds. Some librarians also create Wikis or podcasts. At the American Library Association’s annual conference last month in Washington, there were display tables of graphic novels, manga and comic books. In addition to a panel called “No Shushing Required,” there were sessions on social networking and zines and one called “Future Friends: Marketing Reference and User Services to Generation X.” On a Saturday, after a day of panels, a group of librarians relaxed and danced at Selam Restaurant. Sarah Mercure nursed a blueberry vodka and cranberry juice and talked about deciding on her career after hearing a librarian who curated a zine collection speak. Pete Welsch, a D.J., spun records and talked about how his interest in social activism, film and music led him to library school.
But some librarians have found the job can be at odds with their outside cultural interests. “I went to see a band a few weeks ago with old co-workers and turned to one and said ‘Is it just me or is this really, really loud?’ ” said Ms.
Klein, the former publicist. Her friend, she said, “laughed and said, ‘You have librarian ears now.’ ”.
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